The RMA requires the regional policy statement to state the environmental results anticipated (ERAs) from the implementation of the policies and methods. ERAs identify the outcomes expected as a result of implementing the policies and methods and provide a link to the monitoring of the plan. ERAs therefore need to be measureable and provide the indicator that will be used when assessing progress in achieving the policy framework in the regional policy statement.

The objectives in the regional policy statement have all been written as outcome statements and therefore closely align with the purpose of ERAs. The ERAs for the Unitary Plan are stated as the indicators that will be used for monitoring the Unitary Plan.

Table 1

Quality urban growth objectives	Environmental results anticipated
Up to 70 per cent of total new dwellings up to 2040 occurs within the metropolitan area 2010.	The proportion of new residential dwellings consented within the metropolitan area 2010 between 2013 and 2041 is not less than 70 per cent of the regional total.
Up to 40 per cent of total new dwellings up to 2040 occurs outside of the metropolitan area 2010.	The proportion of new residential dwellings consented outside the metropolitan area 2010 between 2013 and 2041 is no greater than 40 per cent of the regional total.
Growth in towns and serviced villages is contained within the RUB.	100 per cent of development (measured by the issuing of resource consents for subdivision for residential or business use, or the issuing of building consents) takes place within towns and serviced villages within the RUB to 2041.
A high quality network of public open spaces and recreation facilities that enhances quality of life for the diverse communities of Auckland, and contributes positively to Auckland's unique identity.	No decline in the level of perceived accessibility or quality of council's parks and recreational facilities.
Social infrastructure is located where it is accessible by a range of transport modes.	Measures of perceived accessibility to social infrastructure such as town centres, schools, doctors are maintained or improved.

Table 2

Economic well-being objectives	Environmental results anticipated
Commercial growth is focussed within a hierarchy of centres and identified growth corridors that support the compact urban form	The proportion of floorspace (m2) within the centres and corridors as identified in the Unitary Plan for commercial use does not reduce below that identified at the date of notification of this Unitary Plan.
Industrial growth occurs in appropriate locations that: promote sustainable and on-going economic development provide for the efficient use of buildings, land and infrastructure in business areas avoid conflicts between incompatable activities.	The proportion of floorspace (m2) within appropriately zoned locations as identified in the Unitary Plan for industrial purposes does not reduce below that identified at the date of notification of this Unitary Plan.
An effective, efficient and safe transport system that supports the integrated movement of people, goods and services throughout Auckland and to other regions and nations.	1. Congestion levels in 2021 on the strategic freight network are no higher than the 2006-2009 average. 2. Public transport patronage is increased to 140 million trips by 2022. 3. Road crash fatalities and serious injuries are reduced to no more than 410 in 2020. 4. All shipping corridors and flight paths are protected to meet future demands.
An effective, efficient and safe integrated transport system that is integrated with, and supports, a quality, compact form of urban growth and associated land use.	1. Key transport projects are advancing in line with the timeframes set out in the Auckland Plan, including early route protection. 2. All transport projects are designed and constructed in a way that supports placemaking and a quality compact form of urban growth (as detailed in the Auckland Transport Code of Practice).
A well developed, operated and maintained transport system that manages potential adverse effects on the natural environment and the health, safety and amenity of people and communities.	1. All transport projects avoid, remedy or mitigate adverse environmental impacts. 2. Reduce air pollutant emissions in line with Auckland Plan targets (5% by 2016, a further 20% by 2040, from 2006 levels).
A transport system that facilitates transport choices and enables accessibility and mobility for all sections of the community.	1. The proportion of people living within walking distance of frequent public transport is increased to 40% by 2022. 2. Public transport modeshare for vehicular trips to the city centre is on track to reach 70% by 2040.

Table 3

Historic heritage, special character and natural heritage objectives	Environmental results anticipated
Auckland’s significant historic heritage places are identified and protected.	There is no reduction in the total number of significant historic hertiage places in the region.
Subdivision, use and development in the coastal environment is designed and located to avoid significant adverse effects on natural character, and to retain the particular elements or features that significantly contribute to the natural character of an area.	1. Proportion of areas of high and outstanding natural character in the coastal environment under some form of protection.  2. Change in 'protection index' for areas of high outstanding natural character in the coastal environment.  3. Total area and proportion of areas of high and outstanding natural character in the coastal environment subject to inappropriate subdivision, use and development.
The natural character of areas with high or outstanding natural character value is preserved, and subdivision use and development is managed to maintain their high levels of naturalness.	1. Change in landscape scale indicators of biodiversity values, and weed and pest threats, for high or outstanding natural character areas, including the Hauraki Gulf Park and WRHA. 2. Changed in 'index of naturalness' within areas with high or outstanding natural character. 3. Proportion of areas of high or outstanding natural character covered in buildings or other impermeable surfaces.
Where practicable areas with degraded natural character are restored or rehabilitated, and areas of high and outstanding natural character in the coastal environment, including in the Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area and the Hauraki Gulf/To Moana Nui o Toi/Tīkapa Moana, are enhanced.	1. Number of restoration and enhancement projects operating in areas of high and outstanding natural character, the WRHA and HGMP. 2. Total area of habitat restored in areas of high and outstanding natural character, WRHA and HGMP benchmarked to 2013. 3. Proportion of areas of high and outstanding natural character, WRHA and HGMP that are under active management for plant and animal pests.
Where practicable areas with degraded natural character are restored or rehabilitated, and areas of high and outstanding natural character in the coastal environment, including in the Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area and the Hauraki Gulf/To Moana Nui o Toi/Tīkapa Moana, are enhanced.	1. Number of restoration and enhancement projects operating in areas of high and outstanding natural character, the WRHA and HGMP. 2. Total area of habitat restored in areas of high and outstanding natural character, WRHA and HGMP benchmarked to 2013. 3. Proportion of areas of high and outstanding natural character, WRHA and HGMP that are under active management for plant and animal pests.
Auckland’s ONLs and ONFs are protected from inappropriate subdivision, use, and development.	1. The proportion of ONL's and ONF's under some form of protection. 2. Change in the 'protection index' for ONL's and ONF's based on the quality of protection provided by different mechanisms. 3. Number of resource consents issued with the potential to impact an ONL or ONF. 4. The number (and proportion of 2a) consents that have a 'no more than minor' but measurable impact on an ONL or ONF. 5. The number (and proportion of 2a) consents that have a significant (i.e. more than minor) impact on an ONL or ONF. 6. Total area and proportion of ONL's and ONF's subject to inappropriate subdivision, use and development.
The restoration and enhancement of natural features and landscapes, including in the Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area and the Hauraki Gulf/Te Moana-nui o Toi/Tīkapa Moana islands is promoted.	1. Number of restoration and enhancement projects operating in ONF's, ONL's and the WRHA and HGMP. 2. Total area of habitat restored in ONF's, ONL's, the WRHA and HGMP benchmarked to 2013. 3. Proportion of ONF's, ONL's, WRHA and HGMP that are under active management for plant and animal pest control.
The visual and physical integrity and values Auckland's volcanic features that are of local, regional, national and/or international significance are protected and where practicable enhanced.	1. Physical integrity - change in the relative proportion of LCDB landcover types on volcanic features. 2. Physical integrity - number of resource consents issued for land on volcanic features that require significant excavation or earthworks of natural volcanic substrates (i.e. not fill). 3. proportion of significant volcanic features impacted by significant earthworks of excavation. 4. proportion of significant volcanic features (overall, by feature grouping and by individual feature) covered by buildings and/ or impermeable surfaces.
The multiple values of ONFs are protected and enhanced.	1. The proportion of geological/ geomorphic ONF's under some form of protection. 2. Change in the 'protection index' for geological/ geomorphic ONF's based on the quality of protection provided by different mechanisms. 3. Number and proportion of geological/ geomorphic ONF's that are actively managed to enhance visual recognition and/ or interpretation of these features.
Auckland’s sense of place and identity is maintained and enhanced through the recognition and protection of the contribution of trees and vegetation to our cultural and natural heritage.	1. Landscape scale change in biodiversity/ natural heritage indicators across the whole Auckland region and by the following groupings: inside the RUB (i.e. urban Auckland); rural Auckland; Hauraki Gulf Islands; Regional Park network; SEAs; Waitakere Ranges; Hunua Ranges. 2. Change in the percentage cover of different landcover types across the whole Auckland region, for urban Auckland (inside RUB) and for the 11 ecological districts that make up the majority of the Auckland region.
The contribution of trees and vegetation to the maintenance of indigenous biodiversity, and the provision of ecosystem services including soil conservation, water quality, stormwater control and the mitigation of natural hazards is recognised and enhanced.	1. Total percentage cover, and change in the percentage cover, of trees and other structurally complex vegetation across the whole Auckland region, for urban Auckland (inside RUB) and for the 11 ecological districts that make up the majority of the Auckland region. 2. Average percentage cover of riparian vegetation by Local Board, Ecological District, inside the RUB, and rural Auckland. 3. Total (and proportional) loss of riparian vegetation by Local Board, Ecological District, inside the RUB, and rural Auckland. 4. Total (and proportional) gain of riparian vegetation by Local Board, Ecological District, inside the RUB, and rural Auckland.
The retention of trees and groups of trees in urban areas which contribute to neighbourhood amenity and character are promoted.	1. The total number and density of scheduled trees (and changes in these figures) inside the RUB, and by urban Local Board. 2. Percentage cover of tree and scrub landcover, and changes in the percentage cover, inside the RUB, and by urban Local Board. 3. Percentage cover, and changes in percentage cover, of urban forest (using LIDAR or dot grid) inside the RUB, and by urban Local Board.
Areas of significant indigenous biodiversity in terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal environments are protected from the adverse effects of subdivision use and development.	1. The condition of significant coastal habitats that support high biodiversity is maintained or improved and is protected from the adverse effects of land based discharges associated with urbanisation, subdivision and development. 2. Landscape scale change in biodiversity/ natural heritage indicators for the Hauraki Gulf Islands, Regional Park network, in SEAs, Waitakere Ranges and Hunua Ranges. 3. Percentage cover of building footprints and impermeable surfaces in the terrestrial coastal bioclimatic zone (across the region and by ecological district and Local Board). 4. Average and median lot size of land parcels in the terrestrial coastal bioclimatic zone (across region and by ecological district and Local Board).
Indigenous biodiversity is maintained through protection and restoration in areas where ecological values are degraded, or where development is occurring.	1. Proportion of Auckland region (and by Local Board) under some form of biodiversity protection. 2. Change in 'protection index' for Auckland Region (and by Local Board). 3. Number and percentage of resource consents with some, but 'no more than minor' impacts on indigenous biodiversity (for the whole region and by Local Board). 4. Number and percentage of resource consents with more than a minor impact on indigenous biodiversity (for region and by Local Board). 5. Proportion of resource consents with a more than minor impact on biodiversity where this impact is partially offset. 6. Proportion of resource consents with a more than minor impact on biodiversity where this impact is fully offset.
The protection and restoration of natural heritage features of the Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area and the Hauraki Gulf/Te Moana-nui o Toi/Tīkapa Moana is promoted.	1. Number of restoration and enhancement projects operating in the WRHA and HGMP. 2. Total area of habitat restored in the WRHA and HGMP benchmarked to 2013. 3. Proportion of WRHA and HGMP that are under active management for plant and animal pests.
Coastal ecosystems and their life supporting capacity are protected, and where possible, enhanced.	1. Proportion of the coastal environment under some form of protection. 2. Change in 'protection index' for the coastal environment. 3. Number of restoration and enhancement projects operating in the coastal environment. 4. Total area of habitat restored in the coastal environment benchmarked to 2013. 5. Proportion of the coastal environment under active management for plant and animal pests.
The natural and historic resources, including the significant environmental values and heritage features of the Waitākere Ranges are protected, restored and enhanced for the benefit, use, and enjoyment of the community.	1. Proportion of SEAs and scheduled historic features in the WRHA under some form of protection. 2. Change in 'protection index SEAs and scheduled historic features in the WRHA. 3. Number of active restoration and enhancement projects/ programs protecting (a) natural heritage and (b) historic/ cultural heritage features in the WRHA . 4. Proportion of (a) SEA sites and (b) historic/ cultural heritage features in the WRHA that are under active management to preserve and promote their values. 5. Landscape scale changes in biodiversity values within forest, scrub, wetland and duneland ecosystems in the WRHA plot network.
Cumulative effects of activities on the environment, including its amenity values or its heritage features, are recognised and avoided.	1. Number and percentage of resource consents with some, but 'no more than minor' impacts on (a) indigenous biodiversity, (b) amenity or (c) heritage values within the WRHA granted. 2. Number and percentage of resource consents with a more than minor impact on (a) indigenous biodiversity, (b) amenity or (c) heritage values in the WRHA. 3. Cumulative (from 2008) number of resource consents with some, but 'no more than minor' impacts on (a) indigenous biodiversity, (b) amenity or (c) heritage values within the WRHA granted. 4. Cumulative (from 2008) number of resource consents with a more than minor impact on (a) indigenous biodiversity, (b) amenity or (c) heritage values in the WRHA granted. 5. Proportion of resource consents with a more than minor impact on (a) biodiversity, (b) amenity or (c) heritage values where cumulative effects have been recognized and partially offset in the consenting process. 6. Proportion of resource consents with a more than minor impact on (a) biodiversity, (b) amenity or (c) heritage values where cumulative effects have been recognized and fully offset.
The character, scale and intensity of subdivision, use or development does not adversely affect the heritage features or contribute to urban growth outside the RUB.	1. The number and proportion of SEAs in the WRHA that have been adversely effected by sub-division and development. 2. The number and proportion of scheduled historic/ cultural features in the WRHA that have been adversely effected by sub-division and development. 3. Proportion of WRHA outside the RUB that is characterised by urban landcover. 4. Proportion of WRHA outside the RUB that is covered in building footprint or other impermeable surface. Total number of and average size of land parcels in the WRHA outside the RUB.
The quality and diversity of landscapes are maintained by: a. protecting landscapes of local, regional, or national significance	1. Proportion of local, regional and national significant landscapes in the WRHA that have rules which protect their landscape values. 2. Change in 'protection index' for landscape values in locally, regionally and nationally significant landscapes in the WRHA.
b. restoring and enhancing degraded landscapes	1. Average change in landscape values, based on repeated and regular surveys by a landscape architect, across the WRHA. 2. Number of sample locations (in repeated surveys) where landscape values have been restored/ enhanced from the previous measure. 3. Number of sample locations (in repeated surveys) where landscape values have been restored/ enhanced from the baseline measure in 2008. 4. Number of sample locations (in repeated surveys) where landscape values have degraded since the previous measure. 5. Number of sample locations (in repeated surveys) where landscape values have degraded since the baseline measure in 2008.
c. managing change within a landscape in an integrated way, including retaining a rural character.	1. Change in the overall area of 'rural production' type landcover (including high production exotic pasture, low production exotic pasture, orchard and other perennial crops, short rotation cropland and major shelterbelt land class) in the WRHA. 2. Change in the overall area and proportion of LUCD class 2,3 and 4 land in the WRHA that is characterised by 'rural production' type landcover. 3. Proportion of LUCD class 2, 3 and 4 land in the WRHA covered by building footprints and/or impervious surfaces. 4. Average land parcel size for sections on LUCD class 2, 3 and 4 land in the WRHA.

Table 4

Mana Whenua objectives	Environmental results anticipated
Mana Whenua occupies, develops and use their land within their ancestral rohe, particularly in areas identified as Māori cultural landscapes.	The mauri of identified Mana Whenua land will be sustained or enhanced.
The tangible and intangible values of Mana Whenua cultural heritage are identified, protected and enhanced.	The mauri will be sustained or enhanced of freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems in areas defined as having special value and interest to Mana Whenua.

Table 5

Natural resources objectives	Environmental results anticipated
Air discharges and the use and development of land are managed to improve air quality, enhance amenity values and reduce reverse sensitivity in Auckland’s urban areas and to maintain air quality at existing levels in rural and coastal marine areas.	Air discharges and the use and development of land are managed to improve air quality, enhance amenity values and reduce reverse sensitivity in Auckland’s urban areas and to maintain air quality at existing levels in rural and coastal marine areas.
The Auckland Ambient Air Quality Standards and National Environmental Standards are met, and in particular priority is given to meeting the annual average standards for fine particles (PM10 and PM2.5) and hourly and 24-hourly standards for nitrogen dioxide.	The Auckland Ambient Air Quality Standards and National Environmental Standards are met, and in particular priority is given to meeting the annual average standards for fine particles (PM10 and PM2.5) and hourly and 24-hourly standards for nitrogen dioxide.
The directives of the National Environmental Standard for Air Quality to reduce PM10 contaminant levels are implemented through Unitary Plan provisions and other relevant techniques available to the council.	The directives of the National Environmental Standard for Air Quality to reduce PM10 contaminant levels are implemented through Unitary Plan provisions and other relevant techniques available to the council.
The natural, social, economic and cultural values of freshwater and geothermal water resources are safeguarded when land, freshwater and geothermal water is used and developed.	Measures of freshwater health are maintained when land is used or developed.
The quality of freshwater and the natural and cultural values of freshwater systems are maintained and restored and enhanced where they have been degraded below levels necessary to safeguard life supporting capacity and meet community values.	Measures of freshwater quality are maintained or improved to enable the healthy functioning of freshwaters and provide for social, cultural, and economical values.
Freshwater and geothermal resources are managed and allocated to support their natural and cultural values and to make efficient use of available water for economic, social and cultural purposes.	Measures of water quality and quantity are maintained to enable the values of freshwater and geothermal water to be maintained when water is used.
The amount of freshwater used by Auckland is progressively reduced on a per head basis.	Reduce the environmental impact of meeting Auckland's water demand through management options that reduce the per capita water consumption from 2004 levels by 15% by 2025.
The adverse effects of stormwater runoff and wastewater discharges on communities, natural freshwater systems and coastal waters are minimised and existing adverse effects are progressively reduced.	1. Measures of freshwater quality as they pertain to stormwater (heavy metals, temperature and discharge) and wastewater (E.coli) are maintained or improved. 2. Measures of the ecological integrity of marine ecosystems are maintained or improved.
Human health and the quality of air, land and water resources in Auckland are protected by the identification, management and remediation of land containing elevated levels of contaminants.	Measures of marine sediment contaminant levels at sites in the vicinity of known landfills or contaminated sites are maintained or improved.
Reduce risk to people, property and infrastructure from natural hazards while minimising any adverse effects on the environment.	Measures of natural hazard exposure reduce (e.g. number of properties on areas with high slope instability or number of properties with floodplains).

Table 6

Coastal environment objectives	Environmental results anticipated
The life-supporting capacity and ecological values of the Gulf and its marine ecosystems are protected, and where appropriate, enhanced.	Ecological quality and integrity of marine ecosystems within the Hauraki Gulf are maintained or improved beyond 2012 levels.
Additional marine protected areas are created to support linkages with restored or high-value ecological areas on the islands or in catchments of the Gulf, and to enhance the recovery of ecosystems and enhance tourism opportunities.	The number of and coverage of marine protected areas increases from 2012 levels.
Economic well-being is generated from the use of the Gulf's natural and physical resources without resulting in further degradation of environmental quality or adversely affecting the life-supporting capacity of marine ecosystems.	The level of ecosystems services provided by the Gulf is maintained.

Table 7

Rural environment objectives	Environmental results anticipated
Rural areas are a significant contributor to the wider economic productivity of Auckland.	The GDP of Auckland's agricultural sector is maintained or increased. The number of jobs in rural areas is maintained or increased.
The subdivision, use and development of elite and prime land is managed to maintain its capability, flexibility and accessibility for primary production.	1. The fragmentation of elite and prime land, as measured by the number of titles/ parcels, does not increase beyond existing levels. 2. The number of residential dwellings, as measured by the census of PIQ, on elite and prime land.
The productive potential of land of lower soil quality is recognised.	Measures of soil quality are maintained or improved.
Land subdivision does not undermine the productive potential of rural land.	The loss of elite and prime agricultural land from development is avoided.
Further fragmentation of rural land by sporadic and scattered subdivision for urban and rural lifestyle purposes is prevented.	Rural fragmentation outside in the rural production areas is avoided.
The use and development of existing titles rather than subdivision of land for new sites is encouraged.	At least 50% of new rural subdivision occurs as a results of TRSS process, by 2041.